do you...

vb. "send", attested in the past tense with pronominal suffixes: leltanelyes "you sent him" VT47:21

vb. “you are”, “thou art”; see ná \#1

1 vocative particle "O" in a vanimar "O beautiful ones" LotR3:VI ch. 6, translated in Letters:308; also attested repeatedly in VT44:12 cf. 15: A Hrísto *"o Christ", A Eruion*"o God the son/son of God", a Aina Fairë *"o Holy Spirit", a aina Maria *"o holy Mary". 2 conj. "and", a variant of ar occurring in Fíriel's Song that also has ar; a seems to be used before words in f-, but contrast ar formenna *”and northwards” in a late text, VT49:26. According to PE17:41, “Old Quenya” could have the conjunction a as a variant of ar before n, ñ, m, h, hy, hw f is not mentioned, PE17:71 adding ty, ny, hr, hl, ñ, l, r,þ, s. See ar \#1. It may be that the a or the sentence nornë a lintieryanen “he ran with his speed” i.e. as quickly as he could is to be understood as this conjunction, if the literal meaning is *“he ran and did so with his speed” PE17:58. 3, also á, imperative particle. An imperative with “immediate time reference” is expressed by á in front of the verb or “occasionally after it, sometimes before and after for emphasis”, with the verb following in “the simplest form also used for the uninflected ‘aorist’ without specific time reference past or present or future” PE17:93. Cf. a laita te, laita te! "o bless them, bless them!", á vala Manwë! "may Manwë order it!", literally *"o rule Manwë!" see laita, vala for reference; cf. also á carë *“do!”, á ricë “try!”, á lirë “sing!”, á menë “proceed!”, a norë “run!” PE17:92-93, notice short a in this example, á tula *"come!" VT43:14. In the last example, the verb tul- “come” receives an ending -a that probably represents the suffixed form of the imperative particle, this apparently being an example of the imperative element occurring both “before and after” the verbal stem “for emphasis” PE17:93. This ending may also appear on its own with no preceding a/á, as in the command queta “speak!” PE17:138. Other examples of imperatives with suffixed -a include cena and tira VT47:31, see cen-, tir-; the imperatives of these same verbs are however also attested as á tirë, á cenë PE17:94 with the imperative particle remaining independent and the following verb appearing as an uninflected aorist stem. This aorist can be plural to indicate a 3rd person pl. subject: á ricir! “let them try!” PE17:93. Alyë VT43:17, VT44:9 seems to be the imperative particle a with the pronominal suffix -lyë "you, thou" suffixed to indicate the subject who is to carry out the command; attested in the phrase alyë anta *"give thou" elided aly' in VT43:11, since the next word begins in e-: aly' eterúna me, *"do thou deliver us"; presumably other pronominal suffixes could likewise be added. The particle a is also present in the negative imperatives ala, \#ála or áva, q.v.

vb. “you are”, “thou art”; see ná \#1

prep. with pron. suffix *”beside you” informal VT49:25; see ara

“k” 1 noun “appearance” etymologically “glint”; cf. ilca- QL:42 “k” 2 *“you”, emphatic pronoun of the 2nd person pl. familiar, apparently a form abandoned by Tolkien. An alternative form incë was also listed; a query appears between the forms VT49:48.

prep. with pron. suffix *”beside you” formal VT49:25; see ara

1 dual ending, on nouns denoting a pair of something: attat "2 fathers or neighbours" VT48:19; see atto, máryat "her pair of hands" Nam, siryat "two rivers" VT47:11, ciriat "2 ships" Letters:427 – read ciryat as in the Plotz Letter?, maquat "group of ten" from maqua, meaning among other things "group of five" VT47:7, nápat "thumb and index as a pair" VT48:5, also compare met "us two" as the dual form of me "us" Nam, VT47:11. Other dual endings known from the Plotz letter: genitive -to, possessive -twa, dative -nt, locative -tsë, allative -nta, ablative -lto, instrumental -nten, plus -tes as a possible short locative. It may be that these endings only apply to nouns that would have nominative dual forms in -t, and that nouns preferring the alternative dual ending -u would simply add the otherwise "singular" case endings to this vowel, e.g. *Alduo rather than ?Alduto as the genitive form of "Two Trees" Aldu.– The ending -t is also used as a verbal inflection, corresponding to pl. -r elen atta siluvaut/u, “two stars shall shine”, VT49:45; the verb carit “do” would also be used with a dual subject, VT49:16; cf. also the endings listed in VT49:48, 50. 2 "them", pronominal ending; seen in the word laituvalmet "we shall bless them" lait-uva-lme-t "bless-shall-we-them". According to PE17:110, this -t covers both sg. and dual. Also independent word te pl. and tú dual possibly *tu when unstressed. 3 reduced pronominal affix of the 2. person, "you" sg., the long form being -tyë both endings are listed in VT49:48. See heca regarding the example hecat WJ:364. However, in a later source, Tolkien denies that -tyë has any short form VT49:51, 57. The status of the ending -t is therefore doubtful.

vb. “was”; see ná \#1. Also used as interjection “yes” when the meaning is “it was so, it was as you say/ask” VT49:31. Pl. nér “were”, dual nét VT49:30. Nésë “he was” VT49:29, though Tolkien elsewhere stated that né did not “take any inflection of person” VT49:31, pronominal endings rather being added to ane- the form anes *he was” is attested. Anda né “long ago” VT49:31. vb. in pa.t. “was”; see ná \#1.

"yourself, thyself", 2nd person formal sg. reflexive pronoun, e.g. *tirilyë imlë, "you watch yourself". Compare intyë. VT47:37

1 noun or root? “scent” PE17:100 2 conj. "that" as in "I know uthat/u you are here" PE14:54, evidently replaced by i in Tolkien’s later Quenya see i \#3. 3 ??? = n- in n-alalmino Narqelion

form of copula “was” when pronominal endings follow: anen “I was”, anel “you were”, anes “she/it was” VT49:28, 29; see ná \#1.

1 “ablative adverbial suffix” PE17:72 implying "from" or "out of", as in sindanóriello "out of a grey land", Rómello "from the East" Nam, Mardello *"from Earth" FS, ulcullo "from evil" VT43:12, sillumello "from this hour" VT44:35, yello *"from whom" VT47:21, Manwello *”from Manwë” VT49:24, Melcorello / Melkorello “from Melkor” VT49:7, 24. Pl. -llon so in Plotz or -llor in illon, elenillor, raxellor, elendellor, q.v.; dual -lto Plotz. A shorter form of the ablative ending, -lo, apparently occurs in the words silo “hence” and talo “from there”, q.v. In the Etymologies, Tolkien cited the Quenya ablative ending as -ello, evidently including the connecting vowel -e- that may be inserted when the ending is added to a word ending in a consonant VT45:28, compare Melcorello. See also ló, lo \#2. 2 “you”, dual; abandoned pronominal ending. Also written -illo. VT49:49

vb. "not do, not be" 1st pers. aorist uin "I do not, am not", pa.t. úmë UGU/UMU. A late ca. 1968 source gives the forms uin, uinyë “I am not”, uilyë *”you are not”, uis “it is not”, uilmë *”we are not”, uir “are not” and endingless ui *”is not” VT49:29, 36; these forms were however struck out. The example uin carë “I don’t” PE17:68 combines this negative verb with a following verb in the “simplest aorist infinitive”. Compare ua in another late source. See also ui, which despite its use as an interjection “no” seems to be the endingless 3rd person aorist.